Asthma

Asthma

Overview

Asthma is a chronic disease involving the airways in the lungs.  It leads to inflammation and swelling of the airways that makes it difficult to move air in and out of the lungs.   The treatment involves controlling “triggers” and medications.


Types

  • Allergic (atopic)

  • Non-allergic

  • Seasonal

  • Occupational

  • Exercise induced

  • Childhood

  • Adult onset

  • Cough variant

Risk Factors

  • Family history

  • Allergies

  • Viral respiratory tract infections

  • Occupational exposures

  • Smoking

  • Air pollution

  • Obesity

Symptoms

  • Wheezing

  • Cough

  • Chest pain/tightness

  • Shortness of breath

Diagnosis

  • History and physical examination

  • Spirometry/Pulmonary function test

  • Methacholine challenge test

Treatment

  • Controlling asthma triggers

  • Quick relief medications

  • Long-term control medications

  • Biologic therapy

  • Oral corticosteroids for exacerbations

  • Bronchial thermoplasty

Patient Education and Resources

 How to Use a Diskus Inhaler

 How to Use a Metered Dose Inhaler

How to Use a Nebulizer

How to Clean a Nebulizer

How to Use a Flexhaler

How to Use a Twisthaler

How to Use a Peak Flow Meter

Belly Breathing