Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Overview

Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder.  The prevalence is increasing and may be related to the rising rates of obesity.    It is characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep.  This leads to a gasping and choking sensation causing frequent arousals throughout the night.

Signs/Symptoms

  • Snoring

  • Pauses in breathing
  • Daytime tiredness
  • Frequent awakenings
  • Morning headaches
  • Dry mouth
  • Difficulty with memory and concentration 


Risk Factors

  • Obesity (BMI >25)
  • Neck circumference (>17 inches men, >16 inches women)
  • Older age
  • Male gender
  • Craniofacial and upper airway abnormalities
  • Family history
  • Smoking
  • Hypertension
  • Diabetes

  

Complications

  • Motor vehicle accidents
  • Cognitive and psychiatric disorders
  • Heart disease
  • Hypertension
  • Cardiac arrhythmias
  • Stroke
  • Diabetes
  • Heart failure
  • Pulmonary hypertension
  • Diabetes

  

Screening Questionnaires

 

STOPBANG.ca
Sleepiness Scale

  

Diagnosis and Testing

  • In-lab sleep study

  • Home sleep study

 

Treatment Options

  • CPAP/BIPAP/APAP machines

  • Oral devices

  • Surgery

 

Patient Education and Resources

 



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