Asthma
Overview
Asthma is a chronic disease involving the airways in the lungs. It leads to inflammation and swelling of the airways that makes it difficult to move air in and out of the lungs. The treatment involves controlling “triggers” and medications.
Types
- Allergic (atopic)
- Non-allergic
- Seasonal
- Occupational
- Exercise induced
- Childhood
- Adult onset
- Cough variant
Risk Factors
- Family history
- Allergies
- Viral respiratory tract infections
- Occupational exposures
- Smoking
- Air pollution
- Obesity
Symptoms
- Wheezing
- Cough
- Chest pain/tightness
- Shortness of breath
Diagnosis
- History and physical examination
- Spirometry/Pulmonary function test
- Methacholine challenge test
Treatment
- Controlling asthma triggers
- Quick relief medications
- Long-term control medications
- Biologic therapy
- Oral corticosteroids for exacerbations
- Bronchial thermoplasty
Patient Education and Resources
How to Use a Diskus Inhaler
How to Use a Metered Dose Inhaler
How to Use a Nebulizer
How to Clean a Nebulizer
How to Use a Flexhaler
How to Use a Twisthaler
How to Use a Peak Flow Meter
Belly Breathing