COPD

COPD

Overview

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis is the third leading cause of death in the United States.  It occurs when airways become inflamed causing mucus to accumulate and leading to impairment of tissue involved in oxygen exchange.  This leads to less oxygen to the tissues and the build of wastes such as carbon dioxide.  Although COPD is a progressive disease, it is treatable. 


Risk Factors

  • Smoking
  • Environment (dust, chemicals, tobacco smoke, air pollution)
  • Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency


Symptoms

  • Chronic cough with increased sputum production

  • Shortness of breath

  • Wheezing

  • Fatigue

  • Chest tightness

  • Recurrent respiratory tract infections


Diagnosis

  • History and physical examination
  • Spirometry/Pulmonary function test


Treatment

  • Medications and cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation

  • Nebulizers/inhalers

  • Steroids

  • Supplemental oxygen

  • Bipap/AVAPS/Trilogy ventilator

  • Pulmonary rehabilitation

  • Endobronchial valves

  • Lung volume reduction surgery

  • Lung transplant


Patient Education and Resources

COPD Foundation
Lung.org
Breathing Center of Houston

 

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