Interstitial Lung Disease

Overview

Interstitial lung disease describes a wide variety of disorders that can lead to progressive scarring of the lungs. Interstitial lung disease can be caused by long-term exposure to hazardous materials as well as autoimmune disease Often, the cause of interstitial lung disease is unknown. Patients who smoke, vape or exposed to environmental or occupational pollutants are at higher risk of developing interstitial lung disease. Interstitial lung disease can be reversible if caught early.

Causes

  • Connective tissue disease (Rheumatoid arthritis, Lupus, Scleroderma)
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
  • Occupational exposure (Asbestos, Silica, Beryllium)
  • Medications (Amiodarone, Methotrexate)
  • Radiation


Symptoms

  • Shortness of breath at rest or exertion
  • Dry, hacking cough
  • Fatigue
  • Chest discomfort


Diagnosis

  • History and physical
  • Pulmonary function test
  • Image test (Chest x-ray, CT scan)
  • Blood test
  • Bronchoscopy
  • Biopsy


Treatment

  • Steroids
  • Anti-fibrotic (Ofev, Esbriet) and cytotoxic drugs (Cyclophosphamide)
  • Treatment of acid reflux
  • Oxygen
  • Pulmonary rehabilitation
  • Lung transplant

Patient Education and Resources

Autoimmune.org

Scleroderma.org

Thelamfoundation.org

Stopsarcoidosis.org

Inspire.com

Esbriet.com

Ofev.com

Myast.org