Overview
A pulmonary embolism is a blockage in one of the arteries in the lungs. It is usually caused by a blood clot
that forms in the veins of the legs or arms and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs. It can be fatal
and requires immediate treatment.
Causes
While anyone can develop a blood clot, there are certain factors that increase your risk.
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Recent surgery or trauma
- Covid 19 Infection
- Prolonged bed rest or travel
- Oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy
- Smoking
- Family history of blood clotting disorders
Symptoms
Symptoms of pulmonary embolism can vary, depending on the size and number of clots. Some symptoms include:
- Sudden shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Syncope
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat
- Dizziness
- Excessive sweating
- Clammy or discolored skin
- Leg pain or swelling
- Fever
- Cough with blood-tinged mucus
Diagnosis
- Blood tests (D-dimer)
- Chest x-ray
- CT scan
- Ultrasound of legs
- Ventilation/Perfusion (V/Q) scan
- Pulmonary angiogram
Treatment
Treatment for pulmonary embolism depends on the severity of the blood clot. Treatment options include:
- Anticoagulation
- Thrombolytics
- Surgical or mechanical thrombectomy
- Placement of IVC filter
Prevention
If you are at risk of developing a blood clot, you can take these preventive measures.
- Wearing compression stockings to keep circulation flowing in your legs
- Drinking plenty of fluids
- Elevating your legs
- Keeping active